A cross-secitonal study on electronic cigarette use among adolescentsin Haidian District / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among adolescents in Haidian District, Beijing, so as to provide insights into tobacco control among adolescents.@*Methods@#The students in junior high school, high school and vocational high school were recruited from Haidian District using the stratified cluster random sampling method in October of 2019, and subjects' demographic features and use of e-cigarettes were collected using the Questionnaire for Survey on Tobacco Prevalence among Adolescents in China in 2019. The factors affecting e-cigarette use were identified among adolescents using the multivariable logistic regression analysis.@*Results@#A total of 658 adolescents were investigated, including 315 junior high school students ( 47.87% ), 221 high school students ( 33.59% ), and 122 vocational high school students ( 18.54% ), and there were 261 boys ( 39.66% ), and 397 girls ( 60.34% ). There were 605 students that had heard of electronic cigarettes ( 91.95% ), 63 students that had used e-cigarettes (9.57%), and 23 students with current use of e-cigarettes ( 3.50% ), and there were 39 students that had never used electronic cigarettes but had a tendency of use in the future ( 6.55% ). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified parental smoking ( OR=2.408, 95%CI: 1.179-4.916 ), close friends' smoking ( OR=3.597, 95%CI: 1.715-7.544 ) and cigarette smoking ( OR=23.029, 95%CI: 11.092-47.812 ) as factors affecting e-cigarette use among adolescents.@*Conclusions@#The prevalence of electronic cigarette uses is 9.57% among adolescents in Haidian District, Beijing. Parental smoking, peer smoking and use of cigarettes may facilitate the use of e-cigarettes among adolescents.

Practice of pre-hospitalization in operation department of a hospital in Guangzhou / 中华医院管理杂志

Since the performance appraisal of national tertiary public hospitals was carried out, higher requirements have been put forward for the operation and management of hospitals. Under the premise of ensuring the quality of medical service and medical safety, how to save hospital operating costs and improve the efficiency is an urgent problem for hospital managers. Supported by information upgrading, a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou reformed the treatment process and carried out pre-hospitalization in surgical departments. Data showed that pre-hospitalization can significantly shorten the length of stay, reduce hospitalization costs, and improve the operation efficiency of the hospital.

Research progress on radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the common head and neck malignant tumors. Radiotherapy is the main treatment for NPC. The comprehensive application of chemotherapy strategies (induction, concurrent and adjuvant) in radiotherapy has improved the efficacy in the treatment of locally advanced NPC. Based on current evidence, concurrent chemoradiotherapy combined with adjuvant or induction chemotherapy has been recommended as the standard treatment for locally advanced NPC. However, there are still many deficiencies in the standard treatment, and the application of induction and adjuvant chemotherapy remains controversial. Establishing a more ideal and individualized chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced NPC is still the research direction in the future.

Optimized strategy of anesthesia for abdominal surgery in low birth weight neonates: sevoflurane combined with caudal ropivacaine / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the optimized efficacy of sevoflurane inhalation combined with caudal ropivacaine for abdominal surgery in low birth weight neonates.Methods:Eighty low birth weight neonates of either sex, with gestational age<37 weeks, weighing 1.5-2.5 kg, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅡorⅢ, scheduled for elective laparotomy, were divided into 2 groups ( n=40 each) using a random number table method: sevoflurane combined with caudal block with ropivacaine group (SCB group) and sevoflurane plus remifentanil group (SR group). Anesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane inhalation in the two groups.Caudal anesthesia was performed with 0.2% ropivacaine 1 ml/kg in the left lateral position after successful intubation in group SCB.Cis-atracurium 0.1 mg/kg was given, and remifentanil was infused at 0.5 μg·kg -1·min -1 in group SR.Inhaling sevoflurane was stopped at the end of operation in the two groups, and rescue analgesia was performed when the FLACC score was greater than 3 within 6 h after operation.The operation time, emergence time, extubation time, and duration of postanesthesia care unit (PACU) stay were recorded.The occurrence of adverse reactions during the emergence period and PACU stay and requirement for rescue analgesia within 6 h after surgery were recorded.The complications of caudal block were recorded in group SCB. Results:There was no significant difference in the operation time between the two groups ( P>0.05). Compared with group SR, the emergence time, extubation time, and duration of PACU stay were significantly shortened, and the incidence of adverse reactions during the emergence period and PACU stay and requirement for rescue analgesia within 6 h after surgery were decreased in group SCB ( P<0.05). The caudal block-related complications were not found in group SCB. Conclusion:Sevoflurane combined with caudal ropivacaine can be used as an optimized strategy helpful for the quality of anesthesia recovery in low birth weight newborns undergoing abdominal surgery.

The intervention effect of N-carbamoyl glutamic acid on embryo implantation disorder induced by carbon disulfide and its possible molecular mechanism / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To explore the preventive effect and possible molecular mechanism of dietary supplementation of N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) in the implantation of carbon disulfide (CS2) into embryo implantation disorders.@*Methods@#embryo implantation disorder model was established by single intraperitoneal exposure to CS2 on the 3rd, 4th, and 5th days after pregnancy. Endometrial tissues were collected for 24h after exposure to CS2 for western-blot and immunohistochemical staining.@*Results@#The number of embryo implantation was increased in NCG+CS2 group, compared with CS2 alone group. Day 4 of pregnancy when CS2-exposed after 24 h, the expression of pAKT protein in NCG+CS2 group was significantly increased (P<0.05), the expression level of pAMPK protein in NCG+CS2 group was significantly decreased, compared with CS2 alone group, respectively. Immunohistochemical results showed that pAKT, pAMPK, AKT and AMPK proteins were expressed in luminal epithelial cells, glandular epithelial cells and stromal cells of endometrium; Day 4 of pregnancy when CS2-exposed after 24 h, deep staining of ATK and pAKT protein in NCG+CS2 group, the AMPK and pAMPK protein staining became lighter.@*Conclusion@#Dietary supplementation of NCG can interfere with the embryo loss induced by CS2 by altering the total amount of AKT/AMPK molecules.

Treatment options of early-stage lung cancer: surgery or stereotactic body radiotherapy / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

For the treatment of early non-small cell lung cancer, surgery is still one of the most important curative treatments. Lung segment or subsegment resection under video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is becoming more and more popular. With the development of radiotherapy technology, Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) has achieved the similar or the same curative effect as surgery. It has become an indisputable curative treatment for patients who can not or refuse surgery, and there are still some disputes among those who can operate. Therefore, this review will elaborate on these treatment methods in order to help update the concept and provide more treatment methods and obtain more benefits for patients. Although it is no randomized clinical trial to compare SBRT with surgery, we suggest that SBRT is the curative treatment for patients who can not or refuse surgery. Especially for the elderly, or patients with cardiopulmonary diseases, diabetes and other high-risks. SBRT should become the main treatment methods, because its curative effect is not inferior to surgery and its complications are fewer and lighter. Therefore, for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer in the early stage, it is more importent to choose individualized treatment methods so as to more benefit.

Behavioral characteristics of preschool children aged 5-6 years with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder comorbid with enuresis / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the behavioral characteristics of preschool children aged 5-6 years with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD) comorbid with enuresis. Methods Conner’s Parent Symptom Questionnaire and Digital Cancellation Test were used to investigate 42 children with ADHD (ADHD group),36 children with ADHD comorbid with enuresis ( ADHD+NE group) and 48 normal con-trols. Results In the Conner’s Parent Symptom Questionnaire,the score of the conduct factors ((0. 79± 0. 13),(0. 83± 0. 50)), learning factors (( 1. 55 ± 0. 49),(1. 92± 0. 62)),mind-body factors (( 0. 61 ± 0. 35),(0. 67± 0. 22)),hyperactivity impulse factors ((1. 96 ± 0. 48),(2. 21± 0. 69)), anxiety factors ((0. 76±0. 53),(1. 02±0. 58)) and hyperactivity indices ((1. 57±0. 14),(2. 19±0. 33)) in ADHD group and ADHD+NE group were higher than those of the control group((0. 59±0. 39),(0. 64±0. 28),(0. 35± 0. 74),(0. 82±0. 63),(0. 51±0. 40),(0. 86±0. 59),(all P<0. 05)). The scores of learning factors,hy-peractivity impulse factors,anxiety factors and hyperactivity indices in ADHD+NE group were higher than those in ADHD group(P<0. 05). In the digital cancellation test,the gross scores((52. 37±1. 48),(57. 42± 1. 05))and net scores ((39. 15±8. 84),(38. 99±5. 72)) of ADHD group and ADHD+NE group were lower than those in the control group (( 89. 40 ± 7. 82), ( 80. 16 ± 12. 54)) (均 P<0. 05). The error scores ((38. 16±9. 60),(40. 59±9. 28)) and error rate(0. 40±0. 27,0. 59±0. 44) of ADHD group and ADHD+NE group were higher than those of the control group ((14. 01±5. 32),(0. 15±0. 08))(all P<0. 05). The error rate of ADHD + NE group were higher than those of preschool ADHD group (P< 0. 05 ). Conclusion The behavioral problems of preschool children aged 5-6 years with ADHD comorbid with enu-resis are more serious and anxiety is more obvious,which should be paid attention to.

Treatment options of early-stage lung cancer: surgery or stereotactic body radiotherapy / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

For the treatment of early non-small cell lung cancer,surgery is still one of the most important curative treatments.Lung segment or subsegment resection under video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is becoming more and more popular.With the development of radiotherapy technology,Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) has achieved the similar or the same curative effect as surgery.It has become an indisputable curative treatment for patients who can not or refuse surgery,and there are still some disputes among those who can operate.Therefore,this review will elaborate on these treatment methods in order to help update the concept and provide more treatment methods and obtain more benefits for patients.Although it is no randomized clinical trial to compare SBRT with surgery,we suggest that SBRT is the curative treatment for patients who can not or refuse surgery.Especially for the elderly,or patients with cardiopulmonary diseases,diabetes and other high-risks.SBRT should become the main treatment methods,because its curative effect is not inferior to surgery and its complications are fewer and lighter.Therefore,for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer in the early stage,it is more importent to choose individualized treatment methods so as to more benefit.

Progress of surgery combined with radiotherapy for primary hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC) is a common malignant tumor that seriously endangers human health. Surgical resection is the main radical treatment for early and mid-stage HCC, but the recurrence rate is high. At present, there is no effectively and universally accepted adjuvant therapy to reduce the high postoperative recurrence rate. With the development of precise radiotherapy technology, the safe and higher radiation doses can be used in tumors locally. Therefore, radiotherapy is increasingly applied to the treatment of HCC. At present, the position of radiotherapy in the treatment of advanced HCC has become more and more clear. However, the position in the adjuvant treatment of HCC has not been clear. This article will review the research of radiotherapy as adjuvant therapy for surgery in HCC, so as to provide reference for the application of clinical adjuvant therapy for HCC.

Efficacy of dexmedetomidine in preventing postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing lap-aroscopic radical resection for cervical cancer / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine in preventing postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection for cervical cancer. Methods Eighty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱor Ⅲ patients, aged 65-75 yr, weighing 45-80 kg, scheduled for elective laparoscopic radical resection for cervical cancer, were divided into 2 groups (n= 40 each) using a random number table: dexmedetomidine group (group D) and routine group (group R). Dexmedetomidine was infused at a rate of 0. 5 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 after anesthesia induction until the end of operation in group D, while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group R. Delirium rating scale was used to assess the development of delirium within 3 days after operation. Blood samples were collected from the jugular bulb before anesthesia induction (T0 ), at the end of operation (T1 ) and at 1, 6 and 24 h after operation (T2-4 ) to determine the serum concentrations of S100β protein, neuron-spe-cific enolase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Compared with group R, the incidence of postoperative delirium was significantly de-creased (38％∕2％), the serum concentrations of S100β protein, neuron-specific enolase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-1β were decreased at T1-4 , and the serum concentrations of IL-1β protein were de-creased at T2-4 in group D (P<0. 05). Conclusion Infusing dexmedetomidine at 0. 5 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 from the end of anesthesia induction until the end of operation can effectively prevent the development of delirium following laparoscopic radical resection for cervical cancer, and the mechanism is related to inhibiting in-flammatory responses and reducing brain injury in elderly patients.

How to reduce radiotherapy-induced lung injury in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Radiotherapy is one of the main therapeutic methods of lung cancer, whereas the lung injury induced by radiotherapy restricts the quality of life and clinical efficacy. It is a challenge to improve the clinical efficacy and reduce lung injury.Based upon clinical experience, certain measures can be taken to alleviate the lung injury after thoracic radiotherapy. The severity and complications of lung cancer and the concurrent chemoradiotherapy-induced injury should be comprehensively understood to establish individual therapeutic strategy. The diagnostic skills, biological characteristics of tumors, the diffusion, metastasis and recurrence of tumors and lymphatic drainage should be mastered and considered in the formulation of treatment target areas to minimize unnecessary radiation for every 1 mm. During the formulation and evaluation of radiotherapy plans, we should understand the biological characteristics of the lung and lung injury repair and stick to the principle of high-dose radiation for small-volume lung rather than low-dose radiation for large-volume lung. A better treatment plan should be established to reduce every 1% of lung DVH as possible even at the expanse of conformality. Simultaneous modulated accelerated radiotherapy and two-phase radiotherapy are employed to distinguish normal tissues from subclinical tumors from the dose and fractioned dose aspects, which further enhance the tumor control and alleviate lung injury. The lung ventilation function is lost at a dose of 20 Gy or higher. Extensive attention should be delivered to reduce the radiation dose to the lung, especially for the repair of non-functional lung fibrosis. Precise and individualized radiotherapy should be adopted to reduce unnecessary radiation and protect the normal lung tissues, which improve the clinical efficacy and enhance the quality of life.

Analysis of intellectual structure in children with autism spectrum disorders combined with hypophrenia / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the intellectual profile of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) combined with hypophrenia.Methods The study followed a matching design,37 children with ASD combined with hypophrenia and 40 with simply intelligence disability while paired based on gender and age were selected.The intellectual profile of the studied children was determined with the Wechsler intelligence scale for children-Chinese edition (WISC-R) scale.Results The full intelligence quotient (FIQ) of the ASD group and the control group were (54.70±8.26) and (54.60-±7.17),the differences were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Verbal intelligence quotient(VIQ) and performance intelligence quotient(PIQ) of ASD group were(54.70±8.26) and (64.51±12.25) and the control group were(56.70±8.02) and(57.25±9.43).Children with ASD scored lower on VIQ and higher on PIQ.There was significant difference between the two groups(t=3.582,P＜0.01;t=2.928,P＜0.01).There was statistically significant difference on VIQ-PIQ of ASD group(t=8.14,P＜0.01).The group with ASD had a profile characterized by a high score on Puzzle and Block Design with a low comprehension score.The score of FIQ,VIQ as well as information,arithmetic,comprehension,Picture arrangement were negatively correlated with ABC (r=-0.36,P＜0.05;r=-0.40,P＜ 0.05;r=-0.41,P＜0.05;r=-0.44,P＜0.01;r=-0.44,P＜0.01;r=-0.35,P＜0.05).Conclusion Children with autism spectrum disorders with hypophrenia have special cognitive profile,which can be used to provide basis for making intervention strategies.

Exploration and Practice of Question-and-answer Practice Teaching in Pharmacy Department of Hospital / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To explore the feasibility of question-and-answer practice teaching in the pharmacy department of our hospital. METHODS:The practice teaching of pharmacy department was taken as a pilot,and the question-and-answer practice teaching was used in emergency and outpatient pharmacies,inpatient pharmacy,PIVAS,drug warehouse,clinical pharmaceutics room,preparation room and drug testing laboratory. The effects of the practice teaching on internships,teachers,pharmacy depart-ments and patients were excavated. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Satisfaction of teachers,pharmacy,patients and clinics for the question-and-answer practice teaching was 100%,and satisfaction of internships was 94.5%. The question-and-answer practice teaching has improved their professional knowledge and competence,resolved difficulty of patients about drug counseling and helped the improvement of overall business level in department.

Naringenin may block RSV-induced mucous hypersecretion in A549 cell via JNK/AP-1 signaling pathway / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Naringenin has been reported to attenuate Mucin (MUC) 5AC secretion in many pathological models. Many stimuli activate MUC5AC expression through JNK/AP-1 signaling pathways. We hypothesized that naringenin may have inhibitory effects on mucous hypersecretion by modulating MUC5AC production and inhibiting JNK/AP-1 signaling pathways.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The cell model of mucous hypersecretion was made by human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial (A549) cells stimulated by RSV. A549 cells were subcultured and then randomly divided into 7 groups, which were designated as group C (cell control group), groups R1-3 (cells were infected with RSV at the multiplication of infection (MOI) of 0. 5, 1. 0, 5. 0), groups N1-2 (cells infected with viruses in presence of Nar 30 - 100 mol/L), groups N3-4 (uninfected cells treated with Nar 30 - 100 µmol/L), group D (DMSO), group S (cells infected with viruses in presence of SP600125). After incubating for 24 hrs, the expression of MUC5AC at mRNA and protein level in the groups were determined by real-time quantitative PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protein expression changes of JNK, p-JNK and AP-1 were measured by Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The expressions of MUC5AC protein and mRNA in all RSV infected groups were significantly higher than that in group C in a dose-dependent manner (all P <0. 05). Nar of 30 and 100 µmol/L significantly and dose-dependently decreased RSV-induced secretion of MUC5AC protein in cell supernatant and expression of MUC5AC mRNA (P <0. 05). The relative content of p-JNK, AP-l in R2 groups were 3. 31 ± 0. 34 and 1. 94 ± 0. 05. Theyfrweremtgnificanty increased as compared with group C (both 1. 00 ± 0. 00) (all P <0. 05). The levels of p-JNK in N2 and S groups were 2. 10 ± 0. 20. 27 and 1.±97 ± 0. 16. The levels of AP-1 in N2 and S groups were 1. 40 ± 0. 03, 1. 36 ± 0. 05. Nar and SP600125 led to a largest decrease in levels of p-JNK and AP-1 when compared with group R2 (P <0. 05). The MUC5AC protein in group R2 was (48. 19 ± 0. 47) µg/L. The protein expression of MUC5AC in group R2 was significantly higher than that in group C [(36. 67 ± 1. 50) g/L] with a statistically significant difference (P <0. 05). The protein expression of MUC5AC in groups N2 and S were(43. 17 ± 1. 06) µg/L, (44.±02 ± 0. 99) µg/L, Nar and SP600125 remarkably inhibited RSV-induced secretion of MUC5AC in supernatant of A549 cells (P < 0. 05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Naringenin might be able to block RSV-induced mucous</p>

Apoptosis of human gastric carcinoma AGS cells induced by cecropinXJ / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the apoptosis of human gastric carcinoma AGS cells induced by cecropinXJ. Methods Human gastric carcinoma AGS cells and human normal epithelial cells GES-1 were co-cultured with different concentrations of cecropinXJ ranging from 0. 01 to 1 000 mg·L-1 for 24 h. MTT assay was used to observe the effects of cecropinXJ on the proliferation of AGS cells and GES-1 cells. The ultrastructural changes of the AGS cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Hoechst staining was used to de-tect cell apoptosis. The changes of intracellular reac-tive oxygen species ( ROS) and mitochondrial potential were analysed by flow cytometery. The expression of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and cytochrome C in mRNA level was investigated by qRT-PCR. Western blot was used to determine the protein expression of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and cytochrome C. Results CecropinXJ significantly suppressed the proliferation of AGS cells in vitro (P<0. 05) in a dose-dependent manner, IC50 =61. 19 mg·L-1 , but had no inhibitive effects on the proliferation of GES-1 cells. After treatment for 24 h, cecropinXJ induced AGS cells nuclear condensation, and increased ROS production, disrupted mitochondri-al integrity. The results of qRT-PCR and Western blot demonstrated cecropinXJ could up-regulate the expres-sion of Bax and down-regulate the expression of Bcl-2 , promote the release of cytochrome C and activate caspase-3. Meanwhile, cecropinXJ promoted caspase-3 activity in a dose-dependent manner, and cell death ratio of AGS cells induced by cecropinXJ was signifi-cantly reduced by caspase-3 and caspase-9 specific in-hibitors treatment. Conclusion CecropinXJ can in-duce apoptosis of AGS cells by downregulating Bcl-2 , upregulating Bax and activating caspase-3 , which may be one of its anti-tumor mechanisms.

Influence of immune function in tumor-bearing mice by CecropinXJ / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:Antimicrobial peptides ( AMPs ) are peptides generated in the biological defense system against exogenous pathogens ,which is all important constituent of the non-specific immune system.The immune system can react and sometimes play an important role in tumor control both in animal models and in humans.In this study,CecropinXJ were used in the BALB/c Eca109 cells-bearing mice model.To investigate whether CecropinXJ exert anti-tumor efficiency through regulating immune response when treated with tumor-bearing mice.Methods:The expression of cytokines and DC surface molecules were detected by immunohisto-chemistry and Flow cytometry.Results:The experiment of mice showed that CecropinXJ could significantly inhibit the proliferation of transplanted tumors in dose-dependent manner.There were significant difference between control group and 10mg/kg CecropinXJ group on the volume and weight of tumor ( P0.05).In CecropinXJ treatment group,TNF-αlevel in serum was significantly higher than the control group ( P<0.01 ).Conclusion: CecropinXJ could significantly inhibit tumor growth in Eca109 cells-bearing mice,and might not be affected anti-tumor efficiency through regulating immune response.

Protective Effects of Acanthoic Acid on Acute Liver Injury in Mice / 医药导报

Objective To study protective effects of acanthoic acid ( AA) against acute liver injury. Methods Sixty mice were randomly divided into six groups (n=10 each),including normal control group,model control group,positive control group (N-acetyl -L- cysteine,NAC,300 mg·kg-1),and AA at small (50 mg·kg-1),middle (100 mg·kg-1),and high (200 mg·kg-1 ) dose groups. Each group received respective treatment for 3 days and fasted for 16 h before the last dose. All animals except of the normal control group were treated with tacrine (35 mg·kg-1 ) 1 h after the treatments. Hepatic pathological and serum biochemical changes were observed. Results The high-dose of AA significantly reduced the levels of AST (143±46) U·L-1 ,ALT (32±9) U·L-1 ,LDH (1 218±312) U·L-1 ,MDA (3. 24±0. 48) μmol·g-1 ,and GSH (417±15) mg·g-1 compared with the model control group (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). Liver injury was also ameliorated in AA high dose group.Conclusion AA has a protective effect on acute liver injury in mice.

Effects of sevoflurane pretreatment on expression of interleukin-17 in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effects of sevoflurane pretreatment on the expression of interleukin-17 (IL-17) in rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury.Methods Thirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 220-260 g,aged 2 months,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =8 each):control group (group C),sevoflurane group (group S),LPS group (group L) and sevoflurane + LPS group (group SL).ALI was induced by slow intra-tracheal instillation of LPS 5 mg/kg in L and SL groups,while the equal volume of normal saline was administered in the same way in the other two groups.The rats inhaled 2.4 ％ sevoflurane for 30 min,and then normal saline and LPS were given in S and SL groups,respectively.The rats were sacrificed at 12 h after administration of LPS.The left main bronchus was lavaged and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for determination of white blood cell (WBC) and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) counts.The right lung was removed for microscopic examination by using light microscope and for determination of -L-17 mRNA and protein expression in the right lung tissues.Results Compared with group C,WBC and PMN counts were significantly increased,and IL-17 mRNA and protein expression was up-regulated in L and SL groups.Compared with group L,WBC and PMN counts were significantly decreased,and IL-17 mRNA and protein expression was down-regulated in group SL.The pathological changes of lungs were significantly mitigated in group SL as compared with group L.Conclusion Sevoflurane pretreatment can reduce inflammatory reponses in rats with LPS-induced acute lung injury,and down-regulation of IL-17 expression in lung tissues is involved in the mechanism.

Comparison of 3D conformal radiotherapy with conventional radiotherapy in gliomas on dosimetry and prognosis / 重庆医学

Objective In contrast to conventional radiotherapy ,analyze the dosimetry and prognosis of 3D conformal radiothera-py in the treatment of gliomas with different pathological stages .Methods 97 patients with gliomas were selected ,and divided into two groups as conventional radiotherapy group (CR group) and 3D conformal radiotherapy group(3D group) .analyzed the influence of different radiotherapy to the gliomas in the same pathological stage .Compared the dosimetry differences between these two radio-therapies .Results There was no obvious differences in 3 year survival rate between CR group and 3D group at low grade gliomas . But 3D group had better 3 year survival rate than CR group at high grade gliomas .And 3D group had lower rate of relevant sequel after radiotherapy .3D group had higher conformal index (CI) and average dosage of radiation than CR group .Conclusion 3D radio-therapy has better dosimetry and conformal index than conventional radiotherapy ,especially has better prognosis in high grade glio-mas and lower rate of relevant sequel after radiotherapy .

Analysis of dual-source CT coronary angiography of congenital heart disease in children / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To analyze the image quality of coronary arteries by dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) in children with congenital heart disease(CHD). Methods Image quality of coronary arteries were scored by two radiologists with an ordinal grading system. Score 3 or 4 was considered to be good image quality and diagnostic. Score differences among 3 groups of various baseline heart rate levels, 3 groups of various age levels and 4 coronary branches were analyzed by using ANOVA. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the effects of age, heart rate, tube voltage, tube current, pitch, contrast volume, contrast injection rate on the coronary image scores. Results A total of 72 consecutive patients were enrolled. 71.2% (205/288) of coronary artery branches was good enough for diagnosis. Image quality of left main coronary artery (LM, score 3.64±0.49), left anterior descending (LAD, score 2.97±0.40), right coronary artery (RCA, score of 2.82±0.70), left circumflex (LCX, score 2.76±0.73) were in a descending order (F=29.00, P<0.01). Image scores of age groups of 0--1 years old (2.80±0.65), >1--3 years old (2.81±0.74), >3--14 years old (3.58±0.52) were in an ascending order (F= 20.16,P<0.01). Image scores of heart rate groups of<100 bpm (3.54±0.56),100--150 bpm (2.86± 0.70) and >150 bpm (2.81±0.63) were in a descending order (F=16.72, P<0.01). Multiple linearregression analysis demonstrated that multiple impact factors affected image quality of LM, LAD, LCX and RCA. Age(r=0.013 ,P<0.01)and contrast volume(r=0.292, P<0.01)had positive correlation with LM score. Age(r=0.509, P<0.01) and voltage (r=0.292, P=0.011) had positive correlation with LAD score. Heart rate(r= -0.179, P<0.05) had negative correlation with LAD score. Age (r=0.063, P< 0.01) had negative correlation with LCX score. Age (r=0.486,P<0.01) and voltage (r=0.220, P<0.05) had positive correlation with RCA score. Conclusions Dual-source CT could clearly shows coronary arteries of children with CHD over the age of 3 or with heart rate less than 100 bpm. Limitations of Dual-source CT coronary angiography for CHD children included young age and fast heart rate.